Mesoamerica Copal Resins
Sacred Copal
Many trees of the Burseraceae family produce aromatic resins known as Copal (see also Bursera Graveolens - 'Palo Santo'). The word Copal comes from Aztec Nahuatl copalli, and due to regional differences in naming and usage several different trees and their resins bear the name copal. Infrared spectrometry on several samples of copal from various parts of Mesoamerica suggests that the prototypical copal resin used in much of Mesoamerica was from the tree species Bursera bipinnata (Castorena 1993).
Copal is the most important ceremonial incense used by the Mazatecs. In addition to being the standard incense burned for most ritual offerings, nodules of copal are counted out into the corners during the house renewal ceremony and at the new year. It is also employed as a remedy for stomach pain, fright, and dizziness (Alcorn 1984:763).
To use, a few pieces of copal are placed on top of lit charcoal disks or burning logs or coal. The heat of the charcoal causes the resin to melt, then vaporize, creating a uniquely fragrant, powerful, rich, and enchanting smoke best employed for ritual purification and cleansing.
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